FEED |
PALATABILITY |
LIMITS TO USE |
NUTRITIONAL BENIFIT |
Rice Bran |
Poor |
Variability in analysis may restrict usage.
Oil may interfere with Vitamin E usage.
|
Low in energy. A variable product from different
sources due to different methods and potential inclusion of
husks. High levels of husk raise the ash value. |
Shea Nut |
Bitter |
Contains Saponine, which can damage the gut
lining and cause haemolysis of blood cells. |
Low feed value and poorly digested |
Biscuit Meal/ Confectionary Waste |
Palatable when fresh |
Plastic packaging can often be included in
product. High oil content can reduce Vitamin E. |
Nutritional values and analysis (especially
oil) vary dramatically. The product may be heat damaged, resulting
in reduced starch and protein quality. Usually high in energy
which may be derived from soft oils, posing strict limits on
its use in ruminant diets. Can reduce butterfat percentages. |
Cocoa Residue |
Bitter |
Palatability is poor, reducing intake. Theobromine is naturally
present. If fed to horses they will fail dope test. |
Low in energy levels, good protein, high in
fibre. |
Pea & Bean Waste |
Palatable |
Some seeds contain certain toxic factors such
as Trypsin inhibitors, as well as other toxins |
Protein deficient in essential amino acids
and Tryptophan. |
Lopro Soya
Also 'South American Soya' |
Palatable |
Should not be more than 35% of the diet. Lower
amino acids than Brazilian Soya. 47% crude protein. Significantly
lower in essential amino acids (10%) |
Lower in protein. Lower in by pass proteins. |
Groundnut |
Poor |
Can contain Aflatoxins. High in rumen degradable
protein |
Low dup, low in starch & sugars, low levels
of essential amino acids, especially Lysine and Methionine. |
Copra
(Coconut Meal) |
Can go rancid |
Low quality protein |
High in saturated oils. Low in energy. Low
in starch and sugars. High in fibre. |
Malt Culms |
Slightly Bitter |
High fibre and moderate energy content restricts
usage to ruminant rations. They absorb moisture easily, causing
them to swell, which can cause problems in the rumen when fed
at high levels. |
Over drying will reduce the protein digestibility
of the grain. Generally low in starch. |
Maize Germ |
Palatable |
High oil Maize Germ can reduce fibre digestion
in ruminants if fed for long periods. It can also cause scouring. |
Quality depends on manufacturing process but
generally ideal for all classes of livestock. The amount of
bran remaining and residual oil level can affect suitability
for ruminant and non- ruminant feeds. |